Saturday, 22 June 2013

CLOUD COMPUTING COMPANY:

Cloud computing is a colloquial expression used to describe a variety
of different computing concepts that involve a large number of
computers that are connected through a real-time communication
network. Cloud computing is a jargon term without a commonly accepted
non-ambiguous scientific or technical definition. In science, cloud
computing is a synonym for distributed computing over a network and
means the ability to run a program on many connected computers at the
same time. The popularity of the term can be attributed to its use in
marketing to sell hosted services in the sense of application service
provisioning that run client server software on a remote location.

HISTORY:
The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back to the 1950s,
when large-scale mainframe computers became available in academia and
corporations, accessible via thin clients/terminal computers, often
referred to as "dumb terminals", because they were used for
communications but had no internal computational capacities. To make
more efficient use of costly mainframes, a practice evolved that
allowed multiple users to share both the physical access to the
computer from multiple terminals as well as to share the CPU time.
This eliminated periods of inactivity on the mainframe and allowed for
a greater return on the investment. The practice of sharing CPU time
on a mainframe became known in the industry as time-sharing.

GROWTH AND POPULRITY:
The development of the Internet from being document centric via
semantic data towards more and more services was described as "Dynamic
Web".This contribution focused in particular in the need for better
meta-data able to describe not only implementation details but also
conceptual details of model-based applications.

The ubiquitous availability of high-capacity networks, low-cost
computers and storage devices as well as the widespread adoption of
hardware virtualization, service-oriented architecture, autonomic, and
utility computing have led to a growth in cloud computing.

ORIGIN OF THE TERM:
The origin of the term cloud computing is unclear. The expression
cloud is commonly used in science to describe a large agglomeration of
objects that visually appear from a distance as a cloud and describes
any set of things whose details are not inspected further in a given
context.

*Meteorology: a weather cloud is an agglomeration.
*Mathematics: a large number of points in a coordinate system in
mathematics is seen as a point cloud;
*Astronomy: many stars that crowd together are seen as star clouds
(also known as star mist) in the sky, e.g. the Milky Way;
*Physics: The fast movement of electrons around an atomic kernel
appears like a cloud to a distant observer;
*Video Games: "The Cloud" was what followed Mario characters around,
allowing them to store and access extra items;
In analogy to above usage the word cloud was used as a metaphor for
the Internet and a standardized cloud-like shape was used to denote a
network on telephony schematics and later to depict the Internet in
computer network diagrams. The cloud symbol was used to represent the
Internet as early as 1994.
                  Cloud Computing is the result of evolution and
adoption of existing technologies and paradigms. The goal of cloud
computing is to allow users to take bene?t from all of these
technologies, without the need for deep knowledge about or expertise
with each one of them. The cloud aims to cut costs, and help the users
focus on their core business instead of being impeded by IT
obstacles.The main enabling technology for cloud computing is
virtualization. Virtualization abstracts the physical infrastructure,
which is the most rigid component, and makes it available as a soft
component that is easy to use and manage. By doing so, virtualization
provides the agility required to speed up IT operations, and reduces
cost by increasing infrastructure utilization. On the other hand,
autonomic computing automates the process through which the user can
provision resources on-demand. By minimizing user involvement,
automation speeds up the process and reduces the possibility of human
errors.
Cloud computing also leverages concepts from utility computing in
order to provide metrics for the services used. Such metrics are at
the core of the public cloud pay-per-use models. In addition, measured
services are an essential part of the feedback loop in autonomic
computing, allowing services to scale on-demand and to perform
automatic failure recovery.
Cloud computing is a kind of grid computing; it has evolved from grid
computing by addressing the QoS (quality of service) and reliability
problems. Cloud computing provides the tools and technologies to build
data/compute intensive parallel applications with much more affordable
prices compared to traditional parallel computing techniques.

CHARACTERISTICS:
*Agility improves with users' ability to re-provision technological
infrastructure resources.
*Application programming interface (API)
*Cost is claimed to be reduced, and in a public cloud delivery model
capital expenditure is converted to operational expenditure.
*Device and location independence
*Virtualization technology allows servers and storage devices to be
shared and utilization be increased.
*Multitenancy
*Reliability
*Scalability and elasticity

ADVANTAGE:
Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence
and economies of scale similar to an utility over a network.At the
foundation of cloud computing is the broader concept of converged
infrastructure and shared services.
                    The cloud also focuses on maximizing the
effectiveness of the shared resources. Cloud resources are usually not
only shared by multiple users but as well as dynamically re-allocated
as per demand. This can work for allocating resources to users in
different time zones. For example, a cloud computer facility which
serves European users during European business hours with a specific
application while the same resources are getting reallocated and serve
North American users during North America's business hours with
another application. This approach should maximize the use of
computing powers thus reducing environmental damage as well, since
less power, air conditioning, rackspace, and so on, is required for
the same functions.

The term moving cloud also refers to an organization moving away from
a traditional opex model.
Proponents claim that cloud computing allows companies to avoid
upfront infrastructure costs, and focus on projects that differentiate
their businesses instead of infrastructure.Proponents also claim that
cloud computing allows enterprises to get their applications up and
running faster, with improved manageability and less maintenance, and
enables IT to more rapidly adjust resources to meet fluctuating and
unpredictable business demand.

TOP 10 CLOUD COMPUTING COMPANIES:
*Amazon Web Services:
The cloud computing industry leader in the opinion of most experts,
Amazon has consistently outranked the competition in both innovation
and customer service over the past two years.

*Verizon (Terremark):
With the acquisition of Terremark, Verizon was able to expand its
cloud services portfolio into the enterprise market and transform
itself into, potentially, the biggest provider in the industry.

*IBM:
Thanks to a focused commitment to expanding its cloud services menu,
long-time IT behemoth IBM has been busy eating up a massive chunk of
the enterprise market this year.

*Salesforce.com:
Already highly successful in the Software as a Service market,
Salesforce.com guaranteed itself a continued place at the big boys’
table for the foreseeable future when it acquired Platform as a
Service giant Heroku.

*CSC:
Specializing in IT integrations, CSC recently launched BizCloud – a
unique private cloud service that integrates Infrastructure as a
Service into your legacy IT system and interlinks it with Software as
a Service providers.

*Rackspace:
Ranking second only to the mighty Amazon in cloud-based revenue,
Rackspace is poised to remain with the pack leaders thanks to its
recent acquisition of cloud management technology specialist
Cloudkick.

*Google:
The undisputed king of search engines spent the first half of 2011
adding attractive features to its Google App Engine service in a bid
to win a greater share of the enterprise market.

*BlueLock:
When it pioneered a breakthrough improvement in vCloud resources for
VMware, BlueLock immediately established itself as one of the leading
VCE providers in the world.

*Microsoft:
Enjoying tremendous success with its Azure cloud service, Microsoft
owns a significant share of the cloud services market among mobile
companies, web companies and social networking firms.

*Joyent:
Teaming up with Dell to create pre-configured, ready-out-of-the-box
cloud infrastructure packages, Joyent has positioned itself as a
leader in private cloud technology.



Top Cloud Sites
Meaning of Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing in India
Top Cloud Computing Companies
Cloud Computing Technology
Applications of Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing Infrastructure
What Is Computer
Cloud Computing India
Cloud Computing Companies
Cloud Services in India
Cloud Service Providers in India

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Er Ayushi Saxena  [ B E ]
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